Strategic Process for Recruiting Employees Free Essays

Worker arranging, enrolling, choosing, staffing and employing is frequently a troublesome, opportune and costly errand for any association wishing to make due in today’s economy. All together for any association to be fruitful they should draw in and enlist the most gifted workers that fit the way of life of the association. The representatives make up an association, so to be effective they should have an exacting key procedure set up to enroll the perfect individuals for their association. We will compose a custom paper test on Key Process for Recruiting Employees or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now There are numerous systems that associations use to enroll workers which incorporate, the pipeline approach, intensity, business marking, sourcing, decent variety and innovation to give some examples. (ere. net, 2008, 4) At Patton â€Fuller Community Hospital a considerable lot of these systems are utilized viably by their Human Resource division. The pipeline approach is a procedure that is by all accounts one of the most significant selecting techniques on the grounds that the methodology constructs a constant flow of candidates, and takes into consideration resumes and applications to come in, and figure everything out into specialized topics that might be required not far off. It is significant for associations to get ready for a need that may create over the long haul. It is likewise critical to take note of that in each industry there lies a contender. Associations must observe what the contender is doing consistently with regards to enlistment systems. This methodology is one that could be embraced by Patton-Fuller Community Hospital on account of losing a worker; it is consistently a smart thought to have back-ups that might be accessible or enlisted from the opposition. Business marking is critical in the enrolling procedure for any association, particularly in the clinical field. The workers are pulled in to a hospital’s outer picture just like an innovator in the human services calling. Potential representatives need to put stock in where they work, and emergency clinics and different associations can accomplish this by painting this outside picture of what the association is tied in with, drawing in numerous skilled candidates. Sourcing is a basic ecruitment technique for Patton-Fuller Community Hospital. â€Å"If you don’t use sources that draw in a high level of top entertainers, it is far-fetched you will make a quality recruit. † (ere. net, 2008, 8) Patton-Fuller depends upon their top-performing employees’ referrals, and enrollment specialists that can screen possible candidates to guarantee that they don’t end up with a feeble recruit. Assorted variety is getting critical in all businesses, yet particularly in the emergency clinic setting. By employing various individuals, the requirements of the assorted patients that come into the medical clinic can be treated by an assorted gathering of people with various abilities for various positions. Assorted variety for Patton-Fuller will take into account this medical clinic to succeed, so it is significant that they think about this for each recruit. Innovation is the key for some, emergency clinics wishing to get by in today’s economy. With new innovations on the ascent Patton-Fuller can keep on promoting their requirements on the web, which will spare the organization time and cash by speeding up and improve screening. In the clinical field it is critical to have the most skilled, committed group of experts on staff to think about the requirements of patients. The representatives must be trusted by the patients, yet in addition the staff. So as to guarantee that the first rate representatives are picked, Patten-Fuller Community Hospital should keep on utilizing the enrolling techniques that they presently use and attempt others as the eventual fate of innovation is continually evolving. Step by step instructions to refer to Strategic Process for Recruiting Employees, Essay models

4 Tips for Writing Amazing Notre Dame Essays

4 Tips for Writing Amazing Notre Dame Essays SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The University of Notre Dame is one of the most lofty colleges in the United States. It pulls in the best and most splendid understudies from around the nation truth be told, 38% of the understudy body positioned in the top 1% of their secondary school graduating classes! That implies that most candidates will have commendable scholarly records. Since most candidate have stunning evaluations and transcripts, your Notre Dame application expositions will be one of the most significant ways for you to stand apart from the group! This guide will walk you through all that you have to think about composing Notre Dame’s application expositions. We’ve broken it into a couple of significant segments. To start with, we’ll give you a diagram of the Notre Dame supplement. At that point we’ll walk you through each exposition exclusively and answer the accompanying inquiries: What is the paper requesting that you do? What makes for a smart response? What are some potential exposition points? Are there traps you ought to dodge? Lastly, we’ll give you four top tips for taking your Notre Dame papers to the following level.So let’s begin! Why Are the Notre Dame Application Essays Important? The hard truth is that getting into Notre Dame is intense. Just 17% of candidates in 2018 were acknowledged, which makes Notre Dame harder to get into than schools like Emory University and Vassar! What's more, in light of the fact that Notre Dame pulls in top ability, conceded understudies additionally brag incredible state sanctioned grades. Actually, the normal Notre Dame understudy scored between a 1410â€1540 on their SAT or a 33â€35 on their ACT. So that makes one wonder: what sort of candidates get conceded? As indicated by the Notre Dame Office of Undergraduate Admissions, Notre Dame is searching for balanced, energetic understudies who exceed expectations in the study hall and are associated with the network. Here’s how Notre Dame summarizes the significance of the exposition segment of your application: Your papers are the most charming piece of the application understanding procedure. Why? Since we find out about significant choices you’ve made, undertakings you’ve endure, and exercises you’ve learned, family customs you’ve experience. At the end of the day, confirmations guides need to realize that if you’re conceded, you’ll capitalize on your time at Notre Dame-both inside and outside the homeroom The Notre Dame articles are your opportunity to show confirmations guides that you’re the entire bundle, particularly since Notre Dame doesn't direct affirmations interviews. That implies your article reactions will be one of your lone chances to show affirmations instructors that you’re a magnificent fit for their college. An Overview of the Notre Dame Supplement The Notre Dame supplement is accessible through either the Common App or the Coalition App sites. The Common App and the Coalition App are online stages that let you apply to different universities without a moment's delay. On the off chance that you aren’t sure what they are or how to utilize them, look at our advisers for rounding out the Common App and the Coalition App, which incorporate tips for handling the individual expositions! Here’s where things get somewhat precarious: the Notre Dame supplement is submitted notwithstanding the application you have just rounded out. That implies you will present extra expositions explicit to Notre Dame on the articles you’ve composed for your widespread application bundle. That’s why it’s called the Notre Dame supplement! The 2 Parts of the Notre Dame Supplement The enhancement itself requests that you compose and submit three extra papers, which are part into two gatherings: Initially, there’s the compulsory paper. This is the brief that each and every individual who applies to Notre Dame must answer. For your next two articles, you’re offered the decision between four prompts and should response two. The online entries give you somewhere in the range of 150 and 200 words to react to each provoke, however the Notre Dame affirmations site asks that each exposition is 150 words. We suggest that you keep your article as near 150 words as could be expected under the circumstances! We know that’s not a great deal of room, yet recall: your confirmations expositions are about quality, not amount. Since you have a general feeling of the Notre Dame supplement, let’s investigate each paper theme. Exposition 1: â€Å"Why Notre Dame?† What energizes you about the University of Notre Dame that makes it stand apart from different organizations? Keep in mind: this article theme is compulsory, which implies you should answer it to finish the enhancement. Yet, don’t worry...we’re going to walk you through the procedure! What Is the Essay Asking You to Do? This brief is basically the â€Å"Why This College?† question. This is a typical supplemental article question intended to help affirmations advisors comprehend why Notre Dame-and truly no other college!- is the ideal school for you. The â€Å"Why Notre Dame† brief additionally fills another need: it causes they need to get a feeling of how you, as both an understudy and as an individual, will add to the Notre Dame people group. In responding to this inquiry, your main responsibility is to show confirmations guides that you’re the ideal fit for Notre Dame, and visa versa. What Makes for a Good Answer? Get your work done. The way to composing an astounding â€Å"Why Notre Dame?† paper is demonstrating confirmations advisors that you’ve truly delved into the assets and openings accessible at the school. Doing this demonstrates you’re more than intrigued it shows you’re energetic and persuaded, as well. As you examine, see explicit classes you may be keen on taking or potentially educators you should investigate under. (Here’s a rundown of the considerable number of schools and offices at Notre Dame to kick you off!) For instance, on the off chance that you need to program the following Alexa, you’ll need to make reference to taking classes like Artificial Intelligence and Software Development Practices. Or on the other hand if relieving malignant growth is more your thing, you can make reference to working with Dr. Jessica Brown, who is inquiring about RNA to more readily see how malignant growth functions. Not certain what you need to study yet? Don't worry about it. This is a typical inquiry we get with regards to the â€Å"Why This College?† article. The basic answer is: it’s alright to not know! Confirmations instructors realize that your major isn’t unchangeable, however they would like to see that you’re pondering what's to come. Regardless of whether you’re not 100% sure about what you need to do later on, pick a potential major for composing this brief. Don’t disregard the Notre Dame people group, either. Affirmations instructors are searching for understudies who will accomplish more than study-they need to discover individuals who will become individuals from the network, as well. For example, on the off chance that you were in theater in secondary school, you should take an interest in Shakespeare at Notre Dame! Additionally, numerous divisions have their own understudy associations (like the American Studies Club or Beta Gamma Sigma, a business praises society). Ensure you check departmental pages for this data. One brisk note about religion: Notre Dame is a Catholic college, such a large number of its locale programs are strictly partnered. Except if you’re genuine about turning into an individual from one of these gatherings, don’t notice it in your paper. Affirmations advisors read a large number of uses each year, and they will know whether you’re being genuine! Begin narrowing things down. Presently that you’ve done your examination and have a rundown of classes, educators, programs, and extracurriculars, pick the a few things that stand apart most. You just have 150 words, so you have to give yourself space to discuss the things you’ve picked! Relate your themes to your objectives. Keep in mind, your responsibility is to show affirmations guides that Notre Dame is the main school for you. Clarify how the classes, projects, and exercises you’ve referenced will put you on the way to accomplish your objectives. For instance, on the off chance that you need to contemplate immature brain research, clarify how your coursework and involvement with Notre Dame will assist you with proceeding to inquire about how online networking influences adolescents’ mental health. By making it individual, you’ll have the option to stress how Notre Dame is the main spot that can show you the way to progress. What Are Some Potential Essay Topics? Alongside the models we notice prior in this segment, here are a couple of different themes you should think about for this paper: Discussion about how you want to add to a particular continuous research venture with educator in your area of expertise. Clarify your future vocation objectives and notice how joining explicit grounds associations will help put you on the way to progress. Examine how you need to take classes in two divisions so as to consider an issue in your future calling in new ways. Are There Pitfalls You Should Avoid? Stay away from sweeping statements. Ensure you’re being as explicit as conceivable about what makes Notre Dame extraordinary. Don’t simply state you’re eager to go to as a result of the school’s concentrate abroad projects most, if not every, significant school in the United States offer examination abroad. What explicit projects does Notre Dame offer that you can’t find anyplace else? The equivalent goes for discussing your vocation advantages. Don’t state that you need to stop environmental change. How would you like? By what method will explicit classes, educators, and research openings at Notre Dame assist you with sparing the world? Let sports well enough alone. We know, we know: some portion of the intrigue of Notre Dame is joining the army of Fighting Irish. In any case, except if you’re going along with one of the athletic groups, foc

Globalization Prosperity or Poverty Free Essays

Globalization is a word that has as of late become a typical in two unique manners. Initially globalization motivates dreams of worldwide town, a spot where by all resident of the world is connected together with high innovation framework. Then again, globalization is the one of the result that nearby processing plant shut down and re-open at another side of the existence where the nation with modest work and more vulnerable ecological law. We will compose a custom exposition test on Globalization: Prosperity or Poverty or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now Globalization as it exists today isn't completely comprehended and impacts are unclear.It is on the grounds that globalization has wide assortment of mixes that influencing each part of life. In this report means to investigate world issues to dissect two explanations: success and destitution. All through this report a significant number of the issues that will be inspected by four significant issues which impact flourishing and neediness in more distant parts; Economical, Technological, Political and Cultural Globalization. Financial Globalization Changing Economies previously, an organization would in general be related to one specific country.For model Toyota began with their proprietorship, creation and their market were essentially situated in Japan. Today in the globalized world, developing number of tremendous organizations including Toyota, are Multi National or Transnational in nature. Since they have coordinated tasks over the world. They augmented their work. The market analyst Karl Marx’s cites â€Å"The working men have no country† (Marx, 2002, Pg. 17) practically understand this. As per Fortune magazine distributes a rundown of the Global 500, which contains the 500 biggest organizations on the planet dependent on their yearly revenues.For model, In 2008 Toyota’s income of USD 230 billion is tantamount to the size of the whole economy of Bangladesh’s GDP of USD 224 billion with 156 million populace. (CNN, n. d. also, CIA, n. d. ) As we can see the quantity of GDP during the time spent globalization, the rich depends on own dependability. The hole between rich who move their creation and capital, look for business sectors wherever on the planet that advantage the organization. Those own solidness originates from intensity in Knowledge Economy (K-Economy) in light of innovation. The individuals who can exhaust and apply new information and characterized inclines early, and rapidly make upper hands that produce a lot more prominent worldwide riches which will leads better quality of living. World Trade and Income Inequalities In 2003 measurements (Norton, 2007) expressed that, the most extravagant fifth of the world’s populace got 85% of the all out world salary, while least fortunate fifth got only 1. 4% of worldwide salary. The well off nations has high level of open exchange and speculation. Which diminished the dealing influence of untalented specialists to pick up the lower compensation and expanded disparities among rich and destitution countries.For model in the United States, there is rising salary imbalance because of expanded of populace relocation. On numerous events for those vagrants legitimately or wrongfully, they request to secure positions and improve their way of life. Anyway diminishing number of openings for work for less-talented local residents of the United States. Moreover, debasement of Cameroon is a piece of expanding in the nation salary imbalances because of poor administration, poor account organizations and tax avoidance and exceptions that lopsidedly associated with well off populace gatherings. (Harford, 2006)Technological Globalization Impacts of Innovation and Technology The mechanical globalization has been constantly created upheavals in the manner by which individuals live. Today we are all the more alluding essential to correspondences. This has happened due to constant development of interchanges insurgencies just as PC innovation in the previous scarcely any decades. The effect of this innovative upset influences everybody of the world pretty much each and every seconds. We can speak with a great part of the world, by telephone and the Internet in a split second and efficiently. By the innovation a large number of factories’ labor are increased commonly by the utilization of outer force or hardware sources. It can build absence of openings for work for low gifted works in rich nations because of substitutes innovation progress and modest talented works in poor nations and furthermore, advance on specialized instruments huge numbers of affluent nations are all the more ready to do re-appropriating on the grounds that innovation is so generally accessible and progressively economical. (Harford, 2008) Technology Transfer in Low-Income CountriesIn a globalized world, the least fortunate nations should increase most from new innovation and foundation. Globalization has colossal improved access of innovation effectively, acquaint tenderfoots with cutting edge innovations and to the degree that mechanical up-reviewing, it gives a one of a kind chance to low-pay nations to raise per capita salary. To raise the advantages procured from innovation, governments may need to put forth extra attempts towards the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), a viable global financial framework that significant commitment for nation development.FDI is essentially overwhelmed by the modest number of makers and every last one of private company can impact costs and influence contenders. The FDI is influencing everything on financial matters that it exists wherever where by identified with exchange obstructions, to some extent to maintain a strategic distance from the vulnerabilities in provisions, and with outer market. For instance in Malaysia, global organizations, for example, Hewlett-Packard (HP) and Intel Corporation are moved sure level of innovation and furthermore the expertise of the executives to Malaysians.But the other hand, organizations, for example, Mitsubishi and Acer, they just moved the assembling strategies, all RD and Marketing are abandoned in their nations of origin which are Japan and Taiwan. (Guerrieri, 2001) Dr. Mahathir states that most importantly no nation on the planet would need to uncover away their prized formula and move on the most recent innovation since they are additionally in the endurance and worldwide rivalry. Poor nations ought to must be savvy as opposed to quarreling among themselves on rights and arrangements. (chedetblog, 2009) Political GlobalizationNeo-Liberalism influence on Poverty and Prosperity As the world’s nations become increasingly free innovatively and monetarily all nations are receiving comparative guidelines and opened their economy to the world. For instance, Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) connecting amazing monetary and political co-activity with Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and the Philippines. The ASEAN implied that numerous nations cut government consumptions, lessen financial guideline, privatized government activity among nations and opened their economies to the world.I feel that neo-radicalism which disposes of exchange and different boundaries permit less well off nations to speed their changes towards development. Anyway globalization is intended to help transnational organizations by permitting them to move their creation to less created nations that have modest, unregulated work and low norm. For rivals of neo-progressivism is no more reason for sweatshops and high benefits. And furthermore the quantity of vagrants in neo-radicalism nations has developed. The nation, for example, the Unites States under past President George W.Bush had confronted difficulties because of the fear based oppressor assault on September eleventh 2001. There was gigantic harm to the US economy. Most exceedingly awful influenced was air travel industry and laid off numerous thousand of workers, and called for billions of dollars of help from government to enable them to endure. (James, 2008) I think government who genuinely put stock in permitting the business to work would not offer help by salvage bundles. Elective is that opposition inside the decreased extent of industry to choose a few organizations would vanish or consolidate. Figure 1.The United States: Domestic Airline Passenger Revenue †Miles http://static. seekingalpha. com/transfers/2009/2/12/saupload_airlines_6. jpg Heavily Indebted Poor Countries and Exclusion The world’s least fortunate nations are constantly urged to get from World Bank (WB) or International Monetary Fund (IMF). The thought is that affluent nations would put resources into ventures that could create a financial return adequate to reimburse the loans.As Dr. Mahathir express that the thought would not be occur without training of individuals and dependability of government. Mahathir, 2008) Therefore, a gathering of 40 Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) today got an enormous measure of obligation and yearly intrigue that they can not bear to take care of. (The World Bank, 2009) UK-based Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) named Jubilee Debt Campaign which working for 100% abrogation of un-payable obligation for poor nations of those, Bolivia, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia and progressively African nations. (The Jubilee Debt Campaign, 2009) Figure 2. Education Rate Source: UN Human Development Report 2008 Africa is poor mostly as a result of the poor advancement in the country.The nation or government doesn't have the foggiest idea how to accumulate salary from outsiders. India and China were utilized to be poor, however they were attempting to draw in themselves in progressively remote financial specialists. Be that as it may, NGO may bungled the method for supporting Africa. Social Globalization Wrong Culture at the Wrong Place The solid monetary opportunity and cash direction which portray the affluent country’s model it is basically in light of the fact that they are sponsored by a generally accomplished mass and a viable law authorization and legal framework. Geoffrey, 2004) However, WB or IMF prescribe to embrace this culture to less fortune nations, odds of financial will be fizzled. To go the well off way will be useful for minority who realizes how to exploit financial opportunity. Which implies the well off method for popular government and market e

Ruthless Acsi Essay Topics Strategies Exploited

Ruthless Acsi Essay Topics Strategies Exploited How to Choose Acsi Essay Topics In school, essay writing has been made to be part of our learning activity. The genuine leadership essay is simple to read and understand. To begin with, the author ought to choose a topic to discuss. In addition, the educator ought to be a teacher and a genuine believer. Speech disorders are rather simple to recognize by a layperson. Students are unable to develop a fantastic bit of prejudice essays, not because they can't write essays but probably due to the simple fact that they're unable to create great titles for essays on prejudice. They are supposed to use various sources when writing persuasive speech. Items in a series ought to have a comma after every merchandise. Showing awareness about recent changes in the subject you're writing on is very crucial to win a fantastic grade. One of the greatest methods to select your topic is to find one which you get a strong opinion about. Controversial issues are happening all of the time, all you have to do is turn on the news and you're able to locate a huge collection of topics to pick from. So, the choice of the topic is most important. You have to make sure you're very interested in the topic before it's possible to persuade others about it. The Demise of Acsi Essay Topics A school can't anticipate each child to execute identically in the very same fashion. Students just need to discover their niche from the plethora of topics they can explore. Presenting The Research Paper Research papers have to be presented well to make the best effects. Philosophy of Curriculum Education and academics is part of curriculum, where the teachers and the parents work together to make sure the emotional growth and social development of the student. There are a number of thumb rules for argumentative essay subjects to pre vent clashes, yet earning a point at exactly the same moment. You first have to determine the reason behind your essay, before it's possible to write persuasive content about it. Make certain you realize the assignment properly. You may always structure your issue so that it's unique to the argument that you're proposing in your essay. Such essays shall have a good deal of quotations, based just on facts and laws, and show no more than the actual picture of the situation. The writers ought to be in a position to compose unique varieties of speech. They should have the right experience in writing persuasive speech. The Number One Question You Must Ask for Acsi Essay Topics If you're likely to recite a speech, you might too choose something informative. Words if stated the incorrect way can deviate from your idea, even if you didn't mean it that manner. No matter the length of time you've had public speaking jobs, take some time and invest to construct your hot list. The very important issue is happening within the student. For example, the writers in the business should have over five years experience in writing speech. Since it's so big different businesses also depend on them. The companies aren't able to provide persuasive speech since they do not have sufficient resources. Also, they do not have enou gh writers to write persuasive speech. Whatever They Told You About Acsi Essay Topics Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why If it comes to write engineering essay for those students that are studying in electrical engineering school becomes confused since they are engineers and not the writers. In case you've got this kind of assignment so that you're freaking out, just take it simple and look at other opportunities. The writers don't have the appropriate qualifications. Finding out how to compose an essay is something which will help students not just in their school and college career, but throughout their life also. Set your objective first, and after that produce a means to write it in an intriguing manner for your readers to relish. When you imitate the job written by somebody else and move it as your individual it's generally referred to as plagiarism. Be clear in your thoughts about the point that you want to make. In an issue of speaking, picking out persuasive essay topi cs is similar to telling yourself what you wish to convey to the rest of the planet.

How E Business Is Economically Harmful Or Beneficial

Whether e-business is economically harmful or beneficial to businesses has always been a controversial topic. Despite the trend of traditional companies turning their businesses into e-business is uprising, some still tend to not modifying their models. Does it indicate that e-business is more of an economic disadvantage to businesses than it is an advantage? We will have a better look into both sides in this essay. By specifically looking into online shopping, i.e., e-commerce, it can show how e-business changes the operations of businesses. The first online home shopping was made in 1984 by Mrs Snowball in Gateshead, UK via her TV with the aid of a remote control and Videotex. Since then, the method of online shopping has changed a†¦show more content†¦and have been performing well throughout the century until online shopping industry and online music industry bloomed. Since then, they have tried to allow customers purchasing their products online, at the same time providi ng services such as online music streaming and digital download service. By allowing access to such services to the public, it provides benefits to HMV, consumers and even the society. For HMV, they may easily expand their marketplace internationally without the need of having an actual store in every nations. At the same time, costs would have reduced as cost of renting or purchasing a land is avoided and costs on distributing their products are significantly decreased with the aid of digital download service. Also, as they can monitor their stock easily, they may easily restock their products, guarantee that their customers may purchase what they need at most of the time. Moreover, having their business on Internet means that their business is always open, resulting a potential increase in their sales as the exposure of their products has increased; For consumers, they are benefited as they may perform transactions 24 hours a day via Internet, and they will have a much wider variety of products to choose from. Customers may even write reviews or leave comments, sharing their views and experiences of products which they have consumed; For the

Indoor Air Quality And Environmental Health Essay

Indoor Air Quality and Environmental Health Indoor air quality (IAQ) refers only to the quality of the ambient air in an interior environment. On average, people spend well over half of their time inside, and research has shown that indoor air in buildings can be more contaminated than outdoor air. The majority of people that work in non-industrial buildings such as offices, schools, and hospitals are exposed daily to poor IAQ. Indoor air pollution (IAP) continually ranks among the top five environmental risks to public health. Therefore, IAP is a critical factor of the safety and well-being of the population. This paper explores IAP in context, the health risks related to poor air quality, the burden of disease from household air pollution, guidelines for environmental infection control in healthcare facilities, and how to improve IAP. Indoor Environmental Quality Indoor environmental quality (IEQ), comprises the quality of a building’s environment concerning the wellbeing and health of those who occupy the space. Many factors contribute to the IEQ such as air quality, lighting, and damp conditions. People usually experience symptoms or health conditions from exposures to contaminants while they are indoor. One of the reasons why IEQ is a primary concern is because some people that experience symptoms while indoors usually get better when they are not in the building. Indoor environments are incredibly complex, and building occupants may be exposed to a variety ofShow MoreRelatedAir Polution And Outdoor Air Pollution1299 Words   |  6 Pages Public Health Problem Poor air quality can be classified into two types of air pollution: indoor air pollution and outdoor air pollution. 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Record Management free essay sample

Running head: Records Management Name Instructor Date of submission Executive Summary An effective records management program is an integral part of an organization’s effective business operations. Organizations must consider records management requirements when implementing the system management strategies or whenever they design and augment an electronic information system. Organizations are required by law to â€Å"make and preserve records containing adequate and proper documentation of the organization, functions, policies, decisions, procedures, and essential transactions of the organization. This legal requirement applies to electronic records kept by the organizations as well. Organizations that do not consistently adhere to standard records management practices run the risk of not having records that can be depended upon in the course of subsequent business transactions or activities. This paper focuses on the various methodologies that organizations can implement in order to develop ECM/ERM strategies that are backed with electronic signature systems. It also gives an insight into the various ways through which organizations can implement good IT practices to complement or parallel existing records management practices. In systems implemented in line with ECM/ERM guidelines, developing the most efficient systems will form the core of organizational success. This will be achieved by making electronically signed records the core of organizational IT systems. The organizational IT professionals will come to terms with the fact that signatures are an integral part of the records they keep. If the records need to be preserved, whether for a short duration of time or permanently, then the organization is required to promote integrity of its records by electronically signing them in scheduled series. Additionally, this paper discusses the general principles that govern application of electronic signature technology in organizations. Organizations can accomplish electronic signatures through the use of different technologies such as Personal Identification Number (PIN), smart cards and biometrics. However, some organizations can decide to apply additional technology specific-record management systems. Introduction Records Life Cycle vs. System Development Life Cycle According to Adam (2008), the terms â€Å"records life cycle† and â€Å"system development life cycle† are significant concepts that are often confused in information technology and records management discussions. Records life cycle: The records life cycle refers to the life span of a record from the time it is created or received to its eventual disposition. The process is usually carried out in three main stages: creation, maintenance and use, and eventual disposition (Sampson, 2002). Majorly, this paper focuses on information creation stage since the electronic signature record is created at the initial stage of the records life cycle. The second stage, maintenance and use, is the part in the records life cycle in which the record is maintained at the organizational level while in active use, or is maintained when not in frequent use. The final stage of the records life cycle is disposition, which marks the ultimate fate finish to the record. Most organizational records are categorized as having either a â€Å"temporary† or â€Å"permanent† disposition status (Addey, 2002). Temporary records are held by organizations for stated periods before they are destroyed or deleted. On the other hand, permanent records are initially held by organizations before they are eventually transferred to state and other involved agencies. The eventual disposition of the electronically-signed records is subject to debate between the involved agency and the statutory bodies, in which some organizations may be authorized to dispose some of the records. System development life cycle: The â€Å"system development life cycle† gives a description of the developmental phases that an electronic information system entails. These phases typically include initiation, definition, design, development, deployment, operation, maintenance, enhancement, and retirement. The most important steps in all this are the definition, development, and refinement of the data model, which mostly involves treatment of the records being created or managed (Stephens, 2007). Information systems are developed according to system development methodologies, including those that organizations use to implement the electronic signature as required by the statutory bodies; which govern production and augmentation of existing records. The records life cycle usually exceeds the system development life cycle. When it does the organization involved needs to retain the particular record for a period of time longer than the life of the electronic information system that generated the electronic signature. However, this presents special challenges, such as maintaining the integrity of record in case of system migration. Background Characteristics of Trustworthy Organizational Records Reliability, authenticity, integrity, and usability are the features used to describe trustworthy records from a records management perspective. An organization needs to consider these features when laying implementation plans for ERM programs; such that it can meet its internal business and legal needs, as well as external regulations (Boiko, 2002). The degree of effort that an organization puts into ensuring that these characteristics are attained depends on the organizational business strategies and the structure of the market environment. Transactions that are of great importance to the organization require greater assurance level than those usable with transactions of less criticality to the organization Reliability: A reliable record is one that carries contents that can be trusted as a whole and actual representation of the transactions, activities, or facts to which it refers and can be relied upon in the subsequent transactions Authenticity: An authentic record is one that is proven to be what it purports to be and to have been created or sent by the person who purports to have created and sent it. A record should be created at the point in time of the transaction or incident to which it relates, or soon afterwards, by individuals who have direct knowledge of the facts or by instruments routinely used within the business to conduct the transaction (Wiggins, 2007). To demonstrate the authenticity of records, organizations should implement and document policies and procedures which control the creation, transmission, receipt, and maintenance of records to ensure that records designers are authorized and identified and that records are protected against unauthorized addition, deletion, and alteration. Integrity: The integrity of a record refers to the state of being complete and unchanged. It is essential that a record be protected against changes without signed permission. Records management policies and procedures should specify what, if any, additions or annotations may be made to a record after it is created, under what circumstances additions or annotations may be authorized, and the people authorized to make the changes. Any authorized annotation or addition to a record made after it is complete should be explicitly indicated as annotations or additions. Another aspect of integrity is the structural integrity of organizational records. The structure of a record refers to its physical and logical format; as well as the relationship between the data elements contained in the record. Failure to maintain the structural integrity of organizational records can easily impair reliability and authenticity of the record Usability: These are records that can be located, retrieved, presented, and interpreted. In any subsequent retrieval and use, the record needs to be directly connected to the business activity or transaction which produced it. It should be possible to identify a record within the context of broader business activities and functions. The connection between records which document a sequence of activities should be maintained. These contextual linkages of records should carry the information needed for an understanding of the transaction that created and used them. Preserving Trustworthy Records For a record to remain reliable, authentic, with its integrity maintained, and useable for as long as the record is needed, it is necessary that it’s content, context and sometimes structure is maintained. A trustworthy record preserves the actual content of the record itself and information about the record that draws relation to the context in which it was first designed and used. Specific contextual information will vary depending upon the business, legal, and regulatory requirements of the business activity (e. g. , issuing land use permits on Federal lands). It is also necessary to preserve the structure of the record, as well as the content arrangement. Failure to preserve the content structure of the record will affect its structural integrity. That, in turn, undermines the record’s reliability and authenticity; which is of great essence. There are special considerations when dealing with the preservation of the content, context, and structure of records that are made possible by Electronic Record Management through electronic signatures: †¢ Content: The electronic signature or signatures in a record are part of the content. They give a clear indication on who signed a record and whether that person gave approval for the record content. In organizations, multiple signatures are an indication of initial approval and subsequent approvals. It should be understood that in ERM, signatures should accompanied by dates and other identifiers such as organizational titles. All of these peripherals are part of the content of the record and needs to be kept well. Lack of this information seriously impairs the reliability and authenticity of a record †¢ Context: Some electronic signature technologies are centered on individual identifiers which are not embedded in the record content, trust paths, and other means used to create and verify the validity of an electronic signature. This information is not inclusive of the record content but is nevertheless significant. It provides contextual support to the record since it provides evidence that can be used to support the authenticity and reliability of the record. Lack of these contextual records seriously impairs subsequent attempts to verify validity of the organizational records. †¢ Structure: Preserving the structure of a record means that the physical and logical formats of a record are well drawn. In doing this, organizations must ensure that the physical and logical formats of the record elements remain intact physically and logically. An organization may find it necessary to maintain the record structural form through the use of an electronic signature. In that case, the organization is required to preserve both the hardware and software that created the electronic signature, which can either be encryption algorithms or chips. This ensures that the electronic record can be revalidated at a later time when required Advantages and disadvantages of using ECM/ERM systems in organizations The main advantage of organizations using ECM/ERM approaches in organizations is the fact that it offers the platform to verify the validity of records. There are various approaches that organizations can use to achieve trustworthiness of electronically-signed records within their systems over time. This requires that organizations choose an approach that is applicable, fit for their particular line of business; as well as risk assessment The first approach may involve an organization deciding to maintain adequate documentation of its records’ validity. This involves maintaining of adequate documentation of the records such as, trust verification of records gathered at or near the time of record signing. This record keeping approach enables organizations to retain contextual information through an adequate document processes carried out at the time the record was electronically-signed, along with the electronically-signed record itself. The additional contextual information is then retained for as long as the electronically-signed record is retained. Thus the agency preserves the signature’s validity and meets the adequacy of documentation requirements by retaining the contextual information that documented the validity of the electronic signature at the time the record was signed. Maintaining adequate documentation of validity gathered at or near the time of record signing may be preferable for records that have permanent or long-term retentions since it is less dependent on technology and much more easily maintained as technology evolves over time (Rockley, 2003). However, using this approach, the signature name may not remain readable over time because of bit-wise deterioration in the record or as a result of technological obsolescence. Agencies must ensure that for permanent records the printed name of the signer and the date when the signature was executed be included as part of any human readable form (such as electronic display or printout) of the electronic record. Similarly, an organization may opt to maintain the capacity to re-validate digital signatures. The re-validation approach demands that an organization retains the ability to revalidate the digital signature, together with the electronically-signed record itself. The information necessary for revalidation (i. e. , the public key used to validate the signature, the certificate related to that key, and the certificate revocation list from the certificate authority that corresponds to the time of signing) must be retained for as long as the digitally-signed record is retained. Both contextual and structural information of the record must be retained. This is of benefit to the organization since it can review it records over time effectively (Jenkins, 2005). However, this approach of record keeping is potentially burdensome, particularly for records that are digitally signed records with long retention requirements. Conclusions Record keeping is consistently becoming a priority for many organizations with advancement in technology. The challenging part is keeping up with the drastic options that are being launched within short periods. As discussed in this paper, the most efficient method of managing organizational records is through the adoption of Electronic Content Management or Electronic Record Management systems (Halvorson, 2009). This is mostly achieved by electronically signing records depending on their importance and usage in the organization. In doing this, organizations are able protect the reliability, authenticity, integrity, and usability, as well as the confidentiality, and legitimacy of their records. When implementing electronic signature technology, organizations are expected to accord special consideration to the use of electronic signatures in electronic records that preserve organizational legal rights. This is based on the fact that long-term temporary and permanent electronically signed records have greater longevity than typical software obsolescence cycles, it is certain that organizations will be required to migrate those records to updated versions of software to maintain access to the records (Hackos, 2002). The software migration (as opposed to media migration) process may invalidate the digital signature embedded in the record. This may adversely affect an agency’s ability to recognize or enforce the legal rights documented in those records. References Adam, A. (2008). Implementing electronic document and record management systems. Boca Raton: Auerbach Publications. Addey, D. (2002). Content management systems. Birmingham: Glasshaus, cop. Boiko, B. (2005) Content Management Bible. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons. Hackos, T. (2002). Content management for dynamic web delivery. New York: John Wiley Sons. Halvorson, K. (2009). Content strategy for the web. Indianapolis: New Riders. 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